Bibliography

Mainstream Press Articles/Blogs (2016)

Blim, Dan, James Deaville, Dana Gorzelany-Mostak, Naomi Graber, Katherine Lynn Meizel, and Eric Smialek. “Live Blog Event: Music and the Inauguration of Donald Trump.” Musicology Now (blog), January 20, 2017. https://musicologynow.org/live-blog-event-music-and-the-inauguration-of-donald-trump/.

Blistein, Jon. “Trump Campaign Enlists Children to Sweeten Jingoist, Racist Message.” Rolling Stone, January 14, 2016. https://www.rollingstone.com/politics/politics-news/trump-campaign-enlists-children-to-sweeten-jingoist-racist-message-2-223823/.

Bloomberg. “What the Voters are Streaming.” Bloomberg Politics, February 19, 2016.
https://www.bloomberg.com/politics/graphics/2016-voter-spotify-listens/.

Bodenner, Chris. “Hamilton’s Message to Pence: Was It Harassment?” The Atlantic, November, 19, 2016. https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2016/11/hamiltons-message-to-mike-pence/622720/.            

Brooks, David. “Five Ways the Trump Candidacy will Impact the Music Industry.” Amplify, May 9, 2016.      

Browne, David. “Complete Guide to the 2016 Candidates’ Favorite Music.” Rolling Stone, February 1, 2016. https://www.rollingstone.com/politics/news/complete-guide-to-the-2016-candidates-favorite-music-20160201.

Bump, Philip. “Talib Kweli Has Some Thoughts on Ben Carson’s New ‘Urban’ Ad: He Thinks Jeb Bush Might Have Done Better.” Washington Post, November 5, 2015. https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2015/11/05/talib-kweli-has-some-thoughts-on-ben-carsons-new-urban-ad/.

Camp, Zoe. “How Hillary Clinton and Bernie Sanders Tap into the Power of the Playlist.” Pitchfork, June 7, 2016. https://pitchfork.com/thepitch/1178-how-hillary-clinton-and-bernie-sanders-tap-into-the-power-of-the-playlist/?mbid=social_twitter.

Clinton, Hillary. “Exclusive: Hillary Clinton Pens Billboard Essay for Women in Music Issue, Pays Tribute to Lady Gaga and Honorees.” Billboard, December 3, 2015. https://www.billboard.com/music/awards/hillary-clinton-women-in-music-essay-lady-gaga-loretta-lynn-exclusive-6784929/.

Chan, Melissa. “This Guy Wrote Donald Trump’s ‘USA Freedom Kids’ Song.” Time, January 14, 2016. http://time.com/4181383/donald-trump-usa-freedom-kids/.

Craft, Elizabeth T. “Politics Invades the Theater? It’s Always Been There.” Salt Lake Tribune, December 3, 2016. https://archive.sltrib.com/article.php?id=4653350&itype=CMSID.   

Darville, Jordan. “Eminem Expresses Regret for Anti-Trump Freestyle, Claims He Was Questioned by Secret Service.” Fader, August 31, 2018. https://www.thefader.com/2018/08/31/eminem-regret-anti-trump-freestyle-secret-service-interview.

Davies, Madeleine. “The Dad/Manager Behind Trump’s Creepy Girl Group Just Really Loves Freedom.” Jezebel, January 15, 2016. https://jezebel.com/the-dad-manager-behind-trumps-creepy-girl-group-just-re-1753265199.

Deaville, James. “Sound at the Inauguration: A Listener’s Guide.” Musicology Now (blog), January 18, 2017. https://musicologynow.org/sound-at-the-inauguration-a-listeners-guide/.

Dobrin, Peter. “Presidential Candidates Use the Emotional Power of Music to Woo Voters.” Philly.com, February 9, 2016. http://www.philly.com/philly/news/nation_world/20160209_Presidential_candidates_use_the_emotional_power_of_music_to_woo_voters.html.      

Epstein, Louis. “Music History Pedagogy and the Political Present – Teaching Under Trump Series.” Musicology Now (blog), February 20, 2017. https://musicologynow.org/music-history-pedagogy-and-the-political-present-teaching-under-trump-series/.

Eror, Aleks. “Sorry Obama but Donald Trump is America’s First Hip-Hop President.” Highsnobiety, n.d. https://www.highsnobiety.com/p/donald-trump-hip-hop-president/.

Frizell, Sam. “Ben Carson ‘Horrified’ By His Own Campaign Ad.” Time, January 22, 2016. https://time.com/4191428/ben-carson-rap-advertisement-radio/.

Gordon, Bonnie. “What Don Giovanni, an Opera about a Charismatic Rapist, Can Teach Us About Trump.” Slate, August 21, 2016. https://slate.com/culture/2016/10/what-don-giovanni-an-opera-about-a-charismatic-rapist-can-teach-us-about-don-trump.html.

Gorzelany-Mostak, Dana. “Donald Trump, Jackie Evancho, and the Performance of Embattled Whiteness.” Musicology Now (blog), January 18, 2017. https://musicologynow.org/donald-trump-jackie-evancho-and-the-performance-of-embattled-whiteness/.

Graber, Naomi, Mary Helen Hoque, Hanna Lisa Stefansson, and Cameron Steuart. “Teaching Citizenship: The 2016 Election in the Classroom – Teaching Under Trump Series.” Musicology Now (blog), February 27, 2017.
https://musicologynow.org/teaching-citizenship-the-2016-election-in-the-classroom-teaching-under-trump-series/.

Guan, Frank. “Donald Trump and Rap Came Up Together, and Now They’re Coming Apart.” Vulture, August 8, 2016. https://www.vulture.com/2016/08/how-donald-trump-and-hip-hop-parted-ways.html.

Hickey, Walt. “The Long History of Musicians Telling Republicans To Stop Playing Their Music.” FiveThirtyEightPolitics, June 17, 2015. https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/the-long-history-of-musicians-telling-republicans-to-stop-playing-their-music/.

Hirsch, Lily. “Why Opera is the Perfect Soundtrack for Donald Trump’s Campaign.” Washington Post, September 21, 2016. https://www.washingtonpost.com/posteverything/wp/2016/09/21/why-opera-is-the-perfect-soundtrack-for-donald-trumps-campaign/?utm_term=.0a88fba2c106.                      

Horowitz, Jason. “The House D.J. of the Bernie Sanders Campaign.” New York Times, February 13, 2016. https://www.nytimes.com/2016/02/14/fashion/the-house-dj-of-the-bernie-sanders-campaign.html.

Hu, Cherie. “If We Voted with Our Music Tastes, Hillary Clinton Would Have Won the Election.” Forbes, November 12, 2016. https://www.forbes.com/sites/cheriehu/2016/11/12/music-tastes-hillary-clinton-election-presidency/#3774efbc2335.

Issenberg, Sasha. “GOP and Democrats’ Dueling Vegas Theme Music: Britney Spears vs. Garth Brooks.” BloombergPolitics, February 22, 2016. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-02-22/gop-and-dems-dueling-vegas-theme-music-britney-spears-versus-garth-brooks.          

Issenberg, Sasha. “How Pop Music Explains the Difference Between New Hampshire and Iowa.” BloombergPolitics, February 9, 2016. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-02-09/how-pop-music-explains-the-difference-between-new-hampshire-and-iowa.              

Jorden, James. “For Many, Opera and Puccini Are One (Trump’s Campaign Knows the Appeal).” New York Times, August 9, 2016. https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/10/arts/music/for-many-opera-and-puccini-are-one-trumps-campaign-knows-the-appeal-puccini-and-his-world-bard-music-festival.html?_r=0.        

Kaufman, Gil. “From Bernie Sanders to Richard Nixon: When Politicians Try to Rock.” Billboard, June 2, 2016. https://www.billboard.com/music/music-news/politicians-try-rock-music-bernie-sanders-7393340/.

Kaufman, Will. “Woody Guthrie, ‘Old Man Trump’ and a Real Estate Empire’s Racist Foundations.” The Guardian, January 22, 2016. https://www.theguardian.com/music/2016/jan/22/woody-guthrie-donald-trump-real-estate-empire-racist-foundations.

Kaufman, Will. “Woody Guthrie Whacks ‘Old Man Trump’ Again in Another Recently Discovered Song.” Raw Story, September 6, 2016. https://www.rawstory.com/2016/09/woody-guthrie-whacks-old-man-trump-again-in-another-recently-discovered-song/.

Kilkenny, Katie. “People Really, Really Hate ‘Fight Song.’ Could That Actually Hurt Clinton?” Pacific Standard, August 24, 2016. https://psmag.com/people-really-really-hate-fight-song-could-that-actually-hurt-clinton-cd5b8072cb33#.tuv32apo0.

Klotz, Kelsey. “Campaign That Tune: How Campaign Theme Songs Speak to Opposing Camps.” The Common Reader, October 6, 2016. https://commonreader.wustl.edu/c/campaign-that-tune/.

Lapowsky, Issie. “Twitter Reacts to the Ben Carson Rap That Shouldn’t Exist.” Wired, November 5, 2015. https://www.wired.com/2015/11/twitter-reacts-to-the-ben-carson-rap-that-shouldnt-exist/.

Lester, Paul. “Woody Guthrie: Fighting Donald Trump from Beyond the Grave.” The Guardian, February 2, 2016. https://www.theguardian.com/music/2016/feb/02/woody-guthrie-songs-fighting-donald-trump-from-beyond-the-grave.  

Lind, Dara. “Why Donald Trump Plays Phantom of the Opera at His Rallies.” Vox, January 23, 2016. https://www.vox.com/2016/1/23/10816588/donald-trump-phantom-opera.

Loss, Robert. “Tomorrow Belongs to Me: ‘Freedoms’ Call’, Donald Trump and Propaganda.” PopMatters, March 7, 2016. https://www.popmatters.com/tomorrow-belongs-to-me-freedoms-call-donald-trump-and-propaganda-2495445974.html/tomorrow-belongs-to-me-freedoms-call-donald-trump-and-propaganda.   

Marshall, Alex. “Donald Trump’s Unexpected Thoughts on Music – Revealed.” BBC, November 2, 2016. https://www.bbc.co.uk/music/articles/e5e4572a-0676-4120-9eb3-d34bbea34836.           

McCann, Allison . “Hip-Hop Is Turning on Donald Trump.” FiveThirtyEight, July 14, 2016. https://projects.fivethirtyeight.com/clinton-trump-hip-hop-lyrics/.

Millard, Drew. “Ben Carson’s Rap Radio Ad Is an Embarrassment for Everyone.” Vice, November 5, 2015. https://www.vice.com/en/article/8gkkdg/ben-carsons-rap-ad-republicans-dont-understand-hip-hop-115.

Morrison, Simon. “What the Candidates’ Rally Music Says About Them.” Time, March 25, 2016. https://time.com/4346962/trump-hillary-bernie-playlists/?xid=fbshare.

Moyer, Justin. “Trump-Loving USA Freedom Kid’s Dad: To Me, Freedom Is Everything.” Washington Post, January 15, 2016. https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2016/01/15/manager-of-trump-loving-usa-freedom-kids-to-me-freedom-is-everything/.

Murtha, Jack. “Why the Rock Star vs. Candidate Narrative Is Overblown.” Columbia Journalism Review, February 3, 2016. https://www.cjr.org/analysis/campaign_trail_music.php.

Nemo, Aaron. “Listen to the Spoof of Ben Carson’s Hip-Hop Radio Ad.” HuffPost, November 9, 2015. https://www.huffpost.com/entry/spoof-ben-carson-rap_n_563e8d78e4b0307f2cadbdf5?ncid=tweetlnkushpmg00000067.

Oh, Inae. “Watch a Group of ‘Freedom Kids’ Perform a Horrifying Song at a Donald Trump Rally.” Mother Jones, January 14, 2016.
http://www.motherjones.com/politics/2016/01/freedom-girls-donald-trump-rally/.

Pace, Ian. “How to Negotiate the Tricky Territory of ‘Fascist Music.’” The Conversation UK, August 9, 2016. https://theconversation.com/how-to-negotiate-the-tricky-territory-of-fascist-music-63547.

Patch, Justin. The Power of Sound: The 2016 Presidential Campaign. The Avid Listener (blog), March 14, 2016. https://wordpress.com/typo/?subdomain=theavidlistener.

Potash, Jacob. “Lady and the Trump.” Yale Daily News, November 11, 2016.
https://yaledailynews.com/blog/2016/11/11/potash-lady-and-the-trump/.

Richards, Chris. “Authoritarian Hold Music: How Donald Trump’s Banal Playlist Cultivates Danger at His Rallies.” Washington Post, March 16, 2016.
https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/authoritarian-hold-music-how-donald-trumps-banal-playlist-cultivates-danger-at-his-rallies/2016/03/16/723159ac-eab1-11e5-bc08-3e03a5b41910_story.html.                  

Richards, Chris. “The Incoherent Music of Trumpism.” Washington Post, January 23, 2017. https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/the-incoherent-music-of-trumpism/2017/01/23/131fa5f0-e177-11e6-a547-5fb9411d332c_story.html?utm_term=.8b29bf0f415e.

Sinderbrand, Rebecca. “Donald Trump’s Campaign Soundtrack: A Grammy Day Playlist.” Washington Post, February 15, 2016. https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2016/02/15/donald-trumps-campaign-soundtrack-a-grammy-day-playlist/.

Sparrow, Jeff. “From Conservative Hip-Hop to White Power Rock, Rightwing Politics Inspires Woeful Music.” The Guardian, December 16, 2015.
https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2015/dec/17/from-conservative-hip-hop-to-white-power-rock-rightwing-politics-inspires-woeful-music.

St. Felix, Doreen. “The Uses of the Classical: On Jackie Evancho’s Inauguration Performance and the Subtle Theater of Pop Authoritarianism.” MTV, January 4, 2017. https://www.mtv.com/news/orp62k/donald-trump-classical-music.

Street, John. “Long Before Trump Rolled in the Deep, Music and Politics Were Entwined.” The Conversation, August 24, 2016. https://theconversation.com/long-before-trump-rolled-in-the-deep-music-and-politics-were-entwined-64108.   

Stuart, Tessa. “Listen to Ben Carson’s Rap Campaign Ad.” Rolling Stone, November 5, 2015. https://www.rollingstone.com/politics/politics-news/listen-to-ben-carsons-rap-campaign-ad-40435/.

Tolentino, Jia. “Jackie Evancho, Trump’s Inauguration, and the Politics of Childhood.” The New Yorker, January 19, 2017. https://www.newyorker.com/culture/jia-tolentino/jackie-evancho-and-the-politics-of-childhood.

Troy, Tevi. “How Donald Trump Broke the GOP’s Music Curse.” Politco, February 7, 2016. https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2016/02/donald-trump-2016-music-gop-213603/.

VanDerWerff, Todd. “This Failed Punk Rock Musical Perfectly Explains the Rise of Donald Trump.” Vox, March 25, 2016. https://www.vox.com/2016/3/25/11303488/donald-trump-bloody-andrew-jackson.

Vernallis, Carol. “Audiovisuality and the Media Swirl: Campaign 2016.” Flow Journal, October 25, 2016. https://www.flowjournal.org/2016/10/audiovisuality-and-the-media-swirl/.

Weber, Peter. “Stephen Colbert Showcases New Song to Mock Donald Trump for Stiffing Trio of Young Girls.” The Week, August 5, 2016. https://theweek.com/speedreads/641149/stephen-colbert-showcases-new-song-mock-donald-trump-stiffing-trio-young-girls.

Wise, Brian. “I Will Win! Trump Loves Puccini—and New Research Is Showing How Fascism Infused the Composer’s Work.” Slate, August 1, 2016.
http://www.slate.com/articles/arts/culturebox/2016/08/donald_trump_s_favorite_aria_by_puccini_nessun_dorma_is_sort_of_fascist.html.

Zaleski, Annie. “Bernie Bros, Stop This Meme: Your Dumb Joke About Hillary’s Music Taste Isn’t Funny – It’s Predictably Sexist.” Salon, February 2, 2016.
https://www.salon.com/2016/02/02/bernie_bros_stop_this_meme_your_dumb_joke_about_hillarys_music_taste_isnt_funny_its_predictably_sexist/.                        

Mainstream Press Articles/Blogs (2020)

Barnett, Marva. “‘Deplorables’ Meme Gets It Wrong (from The HuffPost).” Marva Barnett (blog), n.d., accessed September 6, 2021. https://www.marvabarnett.com/news-event/deplorables-meme-gets-it-wrong-from-the-huffpost/.

Cadelago, Christopher. “A Rap Legend Ripped Kamala’s Marriage to a White Man. Then She Won Him Over.” Politico, September 3, 2019. https://www.politico.com/story/2019/09/03/kamala-harris-luther-campbell-2020-1479890.

Campbell, Luther. “Kamala Harris Can’t Count on the Black Vote in 2020.” Miami New Times, February 5, 2019. https://www.miaminewtimes.com/news/kamala-harris-cant-count-on-the-black-vote-to-win-in-2020-11068985.

Dolan, Jon. “If Playlists Won Elections, Kamala Harris Would Be an Easy Frontrunner.” Rolling Stone, June 25, 2019. https://www.rollingstone.com/politics/politics-news/kamala-harris-playlist-851861/.

Folley, Aris. “Dem Senators Debate Whether to Retweet Cardi B Video Criticizing Trump over Shutdown.” The Hill, January 17, 2019. https://thehill.com/blogs/in-the-know/in-the-know/425904-dem-senators-publicly-debate-whether-to-retweet-cardi-b-ripping.

Gstalter, Morgan. “Harris Dances with Drum Line, Leads Chant at SC Convention.” The Hill, June 22, 2019. https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/449842-harris-dances-with-drum-line-leads-chant-at-sc-convention/.

Harvilla, Rob. “Is America Ready for a Fugazi President?” The Ringer, March 19, 2019. https://www.theringer.com/2019/3/19/18271608/beto-orourke-musician-fugazi-minor-threat-ian-mackaye-bands-punk. 

Herndon, Astead W. “Kamala Harris Is Accused of Lying About Listening to Tupac. Here’s What Actually Happened.” New York Times, February 13, 2019. https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/13/us/politics/kamala-harris-snoop-tupac.html#commentsContainer.

Herndon, Astead, Jon Caramanica, and Jon Pareles. “What Does Campaign Rally Music Say About a Candidate?” New York Times, August 19, 2019. https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/08/19/us/politics/presidential-campaign-songs-playlists.html.

Herrera, Isabelia. “AOC Defends Cardi B Against Critics: Don’t Mess with Bronx Women or You’ll Get Roasted.” Remezcla, January 21, 2019. https://remezcla.com/music/cardi-b-alexandria-ocasio-cortez-government-shutdown/.

Kaur, Harmeet. “Cardi B and Tomi Lahren Are Feuding Over the Government Shutdown.” CNN, January 21, 2019. https://www.cnn.com/2019/01/20/entertainment/cardi-b-tomi-lahren-twitter-feud.

Kurtz, Judy. “Trump Campaign Sets Aside Debate Ticket for Tupac after Harris Calls Him Her Favorite Living Rapper.” The Hill, October 7, 2020. https://thehill.com/blogs/in-the-know/in-the-know/520057-trump-campaign-sets-aside-debate-ticket-for-tupac-after-harris/.

Morgan, Chris R. “Beto Wants to Be Our First Punk President.” American Conservative, March 25, 2019. https://www.theamericanconservative.com/articles/beto-wants-to-be-our-first-punk-president-orourke/.

Peterson Beatrice. “Why Trump Loves ‘Evita,’ and What It Says about His Presidency.” ABC News, December 1, 2018. https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/trump-loves-evita-presidency/story?id=59350378.

Scholarly Sources on Campaign Music

Alim, H. Samy, and Geneva Smitherman. “‘My President’s Black, My Lambo’s Blue’: Hip Hop, Race, and the Culture Wars.” In Articulate While Black: Barack Obama, Language, and Race in the U.S., 130–66. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012.

Blankenship, Courtney, and Stan Renard. “Pop Songs on Political Platforms.” Journal of Popular Music Studies 29, no. 3 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1111/jpms.12222.

Blim, Richard Daniel. “The Electoral Collage: Mapping Barack Obama’s Mediated Identities in the 2008 Election,” in “Patchwork Nation: Collage, Music, and American Identity,” 364–450. PhD diss., University of Michigan–Ann Arbor, 2013.

Brøvig-Hanssena, Ragnhild, and Aram Sinnreich. “Do You Wanna Build a Wall? Remix Tactics in the Age of Trump.” Popular Music and Society 43, no. 5 (2020): 535–49. https://doi.org/10.1080/03007766.2019.1650990.

Cannen, Emma. “Avant-Garde Militarism and a Post-Hip-Hop President.” International Feminist Journal of Politics 16, no. 2 (2014): 255–77. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616742.2013.780375.

Christiansen, Paul. Orchestrating Public Opinion: How Music Persuades in Television Political Ads for US Presidential Campaigns, 1952-2016. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2018.

Coleman, Billy. Harnessing Harmony: Music, Power, and Politics in the United States, 1788–1865. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2020.

Coleman, William. “Music in the American Democratic Process: The 1840 and 2008 Presidential Elections.” Australasian Journal of American Studies 29, no. 2 (December 2010): 1–23.

Crew, Danny O. American Political Music: A State-by-State Catalog of Printed and Recorded Music Related to Local, State and National Politics, 1756–2004. 2 vols. Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 2006.

Crew, Danny O. Presidential Sheet Music: An Illustrated Catalogue of Published Music Associated with the American Presidency and Those Who Sought the Office. Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 2001.

Cursio, Matthew J. “Born to Be Used in the USA: An Alternative Avenue for Evaluating Politicians’ Unauthorized Use of Original Musical Performances on the Campaign Trail.” Villanova Sports & Entertainment Law Journal 18, no. 1 (2011): 1–58.

Deaville, James. “The Sound of Media Spectacle: Music at the Party Conventions.” Music & Politics 9, no. 2 (2015). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3998/mp.9460447.0009.205.

Dewberry, David R., and Jonathan H. Millen. “Music as Rhetoric: Music in the 2012 Presidential Campaign.” In Studies of Communication in the 2012 Presidential Campaign, edited by Robert E. Denton, Jr., 175–94. Lanham, MD: Lexington, 2014.

Dewberry, David R., and Jonathan H. Millen. “Music as Rhetoric: Popular Music in Presidential Campaigns.” Atlantic Journal of Communication 22, no. 2 (2014): 81–92.

Forman, Murray. “Conscious Hip-Hop, Change, and the Obama Era.” American Studies Journal 54, no. 3 (2010). http://www.asjournal.org/54-2010/conscious-hip-hop/#.

Forman, Murray. “Obama/Time: The President in the Hip Hop Nation.” In The Hip Hop & Obama Reader, edited by Travis L. Gosa and Erik Nielson, 155–75. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2015.

Gorzelany-Mostak, Dana. “Hearing Girls, Girls, Girls on the 2016 Campaign Trail.” Journal of Popular Music Studies 29, no. 3 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1111/jpms.12235.

Gorzelany-Mostak, Dana. “Hearing Jackie Evancho in the Age of Donald Trump.” In “Music and the 2016 U.S. Presidential Campaign,” edited by Sally Bick and Dana Gorzelany-Mostak. Special issue, American Music 35, no. 4 (Winter 2018): 478–89.

Gorzelany-Mostak, Dana. “‘I’ve Got a Little List’: Spotifying Mitt Romney and Barack Obama in the 2012 U.S. Presidential Election.” Music & Politics 9, no. 2 (2015). https://doi.org/10.3998/mp.9460447.0009.202.

Gorzelany-Mostak, Dana. “Keepin’ it Real (Respectable) in 2008: Barack Obama’s Pre-existing Music Strategy and the Formation of Presidential Identity.” Journal of the Society for American Music 10, no. 2 (May 2016): 113–48. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1752196316000043.

Gorzelany-Mostak, Dana. Tracks on the Trail: Popular Music, Race, and the US Presidency. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2023.

Gorzelany-Mostak, Dana, and Sally Bick, eds. “Music and the 2016 U.S. Presidential Campaign.” Special issue, American Music 35, no. 4 (Winter 2018).

Gorzelany-Mostak, Dana, and James Deaville. “On the Campaign Trail(er): Deconstructing the Soundscape of the 2012 U.S. Presidential Election.” Music & Politics 9, no. 2 (2015). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3998/mp.9460447.0009.201.

Gorzelany-Mostak, Dana, and James Deaville, eds. Special issue, Music & Politics 9, no. 2 (2015). https://quod.lib.umich.edu/m/mp/9460447.0009.2*?rgn=main;view=fulltext.

Gosa, Travis. “‘The Audacity of Dope’: Rap Music, Race, and the Obama Presidency.” In The Iconic Obama, 2007–2009: Essays on Media Representations of the Candidate and New President, edited by Nicholas A. Yanes and Derrais Carter, 85–96. Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 2012.

Gosa, Travis L. “Not Another Remix: How Obama Became the First Hip-Hop President.” Journal of Popular Music Studies 22, no. 4 (2010): 389–415. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1533-1598.2010.01252.

Gosa, Travis L., and Erik Nielson, eds. The Hip Hop & Obama Reader. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2015.

Gosa, Travis L., and Erik Nielson. “The State of Hip Hop in the Age of Obama.” In The Hip Hop & Obama Reader, edited by Travis L. Gosa and Erik Nielson, 1–28. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2015.

Gosa Travis L., and Erik Nielson. “‘There Are No Saviors’: An Interview with Kevin Powell.” In The Hip Hop & Obama Reader, edited by Travis L. Gosa and Erik Nielson, 70–87. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2015.

Graber, Naomi. “Do You Hear the People Sing? Theater and Theatricality in the Trump Campaign.” In “Music and the 2016 U.S. Presidential Campaign,” edited by Sally Bick and Dana Gorzelany-Mostak. Special issue, American Music 35, no. 4 (2017): 435–45.

Hubbard, Glenn T., and Elizabeth Crisp Crawford. “Music in Political Advertisements: Music to the Ears or Background Noise? A Study of Music’s Influence on Message-relevant Thinking.” Journal of Radio and Audio Media 15, no. 2 (2008): 167–81.

Jeffries, Michael P. “The King’s English: Obama, Jay Z, and the Science of Code Switching.” In The Hip Hop and Obama Reader, edited by Travis L. Gosa and Erik Nielson, 243–61. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2015.

Jeffries, Michael P. “Obama as Hip-Hop Icon.” In Thug Life: Race, Gender, and the Meaning of Hip-Hop, 117–50. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2011.

Jeffries, Michael P. “‘Where Ya At?’ Hip-Hop’s Political Locations in the Obama Era.” In The Cambridge Companion to Hip-Hop, edited by Justin A. Williams, 314–26. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015.

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